A channel is any source of noise, for example a wireless link, an error prone storage device, an IP network with the potential for packet loss, etc. There exist a probability related to a channel is a conditional distribution p(Y |X) i.e. probability of having output Y when the input was X. This quantity p(Y|X) is called channel transition probability that may has the memoryless properties if p(Y|X) is independent of outputs in previous timesteps.

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